Cakewalk Sonar - 8.5 Guia do Utilizador

SONARUser’s Guide

10 Conventions used in this bookConventions used in this bookThe following table describes the text conventions in this book: Convention MeaningBold T

100 Volume and panAdjusting volume and pan is always a good place to start when mixing. One of the biggest benefits of SONAR's Console view is th

101The next thing we'll try is panning. As with mixing in general, there are no rules when it comes to panning. Be creative, trying different ide

102 EQ. EQ can accentuate or turn down a certain frequency range in a sound. For example, if you have an unwanted high-pitched buzz on one of your tra

1033. Grab one of the numbered nodes and drag it around. Boost the selected band until you find the frequency range that interferes with Chirppy Synth

104 3. Configure the Send Assistant as follows:• Click New Bus. This will create a new reverb bus instead of routing the tracks to an existing bus.•Se

105When a send is enabled, you will hear the reverb effect during playback. To adjust how much reverb is applied to each track, use the send's LE

106 Automation allows you to make gradual or sudden changes to make your song more dynamic. For example, in the tutorial project, you might find that

Tutorial 8 – Working with videoSONAR allows you to add music and sound to your videos. This tutorial will guide you through the basics of working with

108 Importing videoFigure 17. The Import Video dialogLet’s explore some of the options in the Import Video dialog.The first thing you will notice is

109Importing videoFor now, let’s leave the Import Audio Stream and Show file info check boxes selected.Just as you would with the Open dialog, navigat

IntroductionSONAR is a professional tool for authoring sound and music on your personal computer. It’s designed for musicians, composers, arrangers, a

110 Importing videoWhat if I don’t see the Video Thumbnail pane or Video view?To show or hide the Video Thumbnail pane, drag the splitter bar that sep

111Importing videoThere are three options on this tab that are very important to understand and extremely helpful when working with video. Let's

112 Working with markersWorking with markersWhen syncing up audio events to film cues or video, it is common to use markers. Markers are a powerful fe

113Working with markersFrom this dialog you can do a lot of very important things. First let’s name this marker by typing Intro in the Name field.Next

114 Exporting your videoExporting your videoOnce you have finished with all of your music and have your video synced up as you would like it, you’ll w

Tutorial 9 – Exporting, CD burning and sharingOnce your SONAR project is complete, you will want to share it with the world or burn a CD. SONAR offers

116 Figure 18. The Export Audio dialogYou should notice that the top half of this window is very similar to the Open and Save dialogs that were discu

117If you would like to burn an audio CD of your music1. Click File > Export > Audio to open the Export Audio dialog.2. In the Channel Format li

118 Depending on the type of blank CD you are using, you can fit up to 80 minutes of audio on one CD. Make note of the Space Available and Space Used

119Cakewalk PublisherSONAR includes Cakewalk Publisher, which is a powerful tool to share your music, artwork and playlists on the Internet. A detaile

12 About SONARAbout SONARSONAR lets you work with music on your own level. Here are some of the ways you can make music with SONAR:PublishPublishing u

120 The following table describes a few of the buttons in the publisher interface. If you would like to explore all of the features in Publisher, clic

New features in SONAR 8.5SONAR 8.5 has many new features (some features are in SONAR Producer only). The following is a list and description of each n

122 Recording and mixing enhancements:Matrix view. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123PX-64 Percussion StripPX-64 Percussion StripFigure 21. PX-64 Percussion StripPX-64 Percussion Strip is a multi-functional plug-in that combines a

124 VX-64 Vocal StripVX-64 Vocal StripFigure 22. VX-64 Vocal StripVX-64 Vocal Strip is a multi-functional plug-in that combines a series of effects s

125Session Drummer 3Session Drummer 3Figure 23. Session Drummer 3Session Drummer 3 is a professional drum sampler and pattern player. It features Cak

126 Alias Factor• An animated user interface (UI).• Controls for volume, pan and tuning of each drum kit piece.For more information, see the Session D

127HF ExciterHF ExciterFigure 26. HF ExciterHF Exciter lets you enhance the higher end of the frequency spectrum. This produces the psycho-acoustic a

128 Para-QPara-QFigure 29. Para-QPara-Q is a two-band true parametric EQ that can be used to boost or attenuate generally high or low bands of the si

129Stereo DelayStereo DelayFigure 31. Stereo DelayStereo Delay produces a tempo-synchronized echo on whichever channel it is patched to. The three-ba

13About SONARSound Production and EngineeringIf you want to produce music CDs or master tapes, SONAR has virtually everything you need from recording

130 Step Sequencer 2.0Step Sequencer 2.0The enhanced Step Sequencer makes it easier than ever to compose patterns using a grid.New enhancements includ

131Integrated arpeggiatorIntegrated arpeggiatorEach MIDI and instrument track has its own integrated arpeggiator, visually located in the Track view.

132 Matrix viewMatrix viewThe Matrix view lets you trigger individual or multiple audio and MIDI patterns, either with a computer keyboard, mouse or v

133REX file importREX file importLike ACIDized WAVE files, REX files are audio files that are designed to be looped and follow the project’s tempo. Th

134 New Freeze optionNew Freeze optionThe Freeze Options dialog has a new Track FX option, which allows you to either include or exclude track FX bins

135Insert Send Assistant enhancementsInsert Send Assistant enhancementsThe Insert Send Assistant dialog has an improved layout and a new Match Track’s

136 DC offset meter in AnalystDC offset meter in AnalystA. DC offset meterThe DC offset meter is a bi-directional bargraph meter that lets you detect

137AudioSnap 2.0AudioSnap 2.0AudioSnap 2.0 provides simplified workflow and introduces many enhancements that make it easier to fix timing problems in

138 TAB to transientsTAB to transientsYou can use the TAB and SHIFT+TAB keys to jump to audio transients, and MIDI Note events.In SONAR 8.5, TAB to tr

139Change I/O devices without restarting SONARChange I/O devices without restarting SONARYou can add or remove USB/FireWire audio and MIDI devices whi

14 Computers, Sound, and MusicFlexibilitySONAR works the way you want to work—you can customize screen layouts, toolbars, and audio and MIDI system co

140 Media Browser enhancementsjBridge supportSimilar to BitBridge, jBridge allows you to use 32-bit VST effects and instruments when using the x64 ver

TroubleshootingIf you’re having a problem with SONAR, don’t panic. This chapter lists some common problems and how to solve them. If you don’t find an

142 I Can’t Open My Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Audio Distorts at Greater than 16 Bits

143When I Play a File, I Don’t Hear AnythingOpen a project (.cwp) and click the Play button. If you don’t hear any music, try the following suggestion

144 I Can’t Record from My MIDI InstrumentIf you are unable to record music from your electronic keyboard, synthesizer, or other MIDI instrument, firs

145When I Play a File Containing Audio, the Audio Portion Doesn’t PlayOpen a bundle file (.cwb) and click the Play button. Do you hear the audio track

146 I Can’t Record Any AudioIf you are unable to record audio through your sound card, try the following suggestions:If these suggestions don’t work,

147My Keyboard Doubles Every Note I PlayWhen your keyboard doubles the notes, each note seems heavier or thicker than usual, as if two notes of the sa

148 Why Do I Get Errors from the Wave Profiler?Audio devices such as voice modems or speakerphone devices can cause an error message when running the

149How Do I Use SONAR to Access All the Sounds on My MIDI Instrument?SONAR is normally set up to access the 128 sounds that are part of the General MI

15Computers, Sound, and MusicThere are several important advantages of the MIDI format:• Large amounts of music can be stored in a very compact form•

150 To mute your sound card’s direct sound:1. Open the software mixer that controls your sound card. If your sound card uses the Windows mixer, open t

151I Can’t Open My ProjectYour project may have become corrupted. You can attempt to open the project using Safe Mode. To Use Safe Mode• If you are op

152 No Sound from My Soft SynthUse the following table to troubleshoot problems hearing a synth in SONAR:Possible problem What to doSynth doesn’t soun

153My Pro Audio 9 Files Sound Louder/Softer When I Open Them in SONARPro Audio 9 has a setting in the Audio Options dialog box called MIDI Volume Mapp

154 Bouncing Tracks Takes a Long TimeBy default, SONAR uses a buffer for bouncing tracks that is the same size as the Mixing Latency value that you se

1557. Use Notepad to open the XRayExclude.ini file that's in your SONAR program folder (C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Application Da

156 File Recovery modeSONAR 5 introduced a special diagnostic mode called Safe Mode to fix problems with project files that would not open. Safe mode

157What does File Recovery mode do? File Recovery Mode applies the following behavior when opening a project file:• Opens only the Track view, skippin

158

GlossaryAftertouchMIDI property controlling how much pressure is applied after sending a Note On message. See “Channel aftertouch (ChanAft)” on page 1

16 SetupSetupYou can install SONAR on any computer that runs Windows XP or x64 and has a sound card or built-in sound module. If you want to hook up o

160 AutomationAbility to change controllable parameters over the length of a track. This is achieved by referencing “snapshots” or “nodes” assigned to

161ClipA reference to a portion or entire audio or MIDI file stored on your computer. Clips can be edited, moved, linked, copied etc. as a means of cr

162 DRM (Dump Request Macro)Utility for getting synthesizer data into a bank.DurationIn SONAR’s Step Record dialog box, duration means the actual leng

163FrameOne of the many single photographic images in a motion picture or video. It the smallest unit used for SMPTE synchronization.See the online He

164 Hairpin symbolCrescendo or decrescendo mark. See the online Help topic Chords and MarksInputThe selection for which channel of a device you wish t

165Live mode Temporary condition of a project with all automation turned off. You can toggle back and forth between live mode and regular mode by clic

166 MIDIMusical Instrument Digital Interface. The means by which computers communicate with most sound cards, keyboards, and other electronic instrume

167OffsetShift (time, key, velocity) by a specified number of units. For example, you could offset the start of a track by two measures.OverloadLoss o

168 Project pitchAlso known as the default project pitch. The project pitch is the pitch that all groove clips and ACIDized loops in your project foll

169Sensitivity (window)Distance from a timing grid a note has to be to be unaffected, or affected less, by quantizing.ShapeAn automation envelope crea

17SetupUser accountsPrevious versions of SONAR required a user to have Windows Administrator status. This is no longer the case. Any level of user can

170 SysxShort for System Exclusive, refers to MIDI messages that only a specific device can use and understand. Cakewalk's System Exclusive libra

171TimebaseSame as PPQ. Timing resolution, measured in pulses (ticks) per quarter note. Determines how finely you can specify notes. See the online He

172

Index.clr 48.cwp files 2624-bit problems 153AAudiodigital 15recording See Recording audioAudio dataplayback problems 145recording problems 146BBig Tim

174 IndexErrorsWave Profiler 148Event List view 35FFAQs 141Fileopening 28File extensions.cwp 26File menuOpen 28File Recovery Mode 156FilesStudioWare 2

175IndexNNotationworking with 85Notesdoubling 147Now time 46OOptions menuColors 47MIDI Devices 25PPartial clipsselecting 30Patchesdownloading 141Piano

176 IndexTracks 154See also Recording; Track PropertiesTransport toolbar 46Troubleshooting 141Tutorial 5Working with Music Notation 85UUninstalling SO

CAKEWALK, INC.LICENSE AGREEMENTYOU SHOULD CAREFULLY READ ALL OF THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT. INSTALL-ING AND USING TH

6.2. Limitations on Warranties. THE EXPRESS WARRANTY SET FORTH IN THIS ARTICLE 4 IS THE ONLY WARRANTY GIVEN BY CAKE-WALK WITH RESPECT TO THE ENTIRE PR

18 Setuphave a stereo input) while digital inputs allow you to record 1 to 8 signals depending on the type of digital connection.The following table d

19SetupTo connect a microphone to your computer• If your sound card has a 1/8 inch input jack (built-in sound cards that come with your PC usually do)

Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commit-ment on the part of Cakewalk, Inc. The software descr

20 SetupFigure 1. Standard MIDI cable—use this if your MIDI interface has standard 5-pin input and output ports• Joystick connector. This is becoming

21Setupmodes and the existing enabled devices will be remembered for the next time when you switch back to that mode.Loading a project after changing

22 SetupRemapping using friendly driver namesWhen Use friendly names to represent audio drivers is selected in Options > Audio > Drivers, SONAR

23Starting SONARStarting SONARThere are many different ways to start SONAR. Here are a few:• Double-click the SONAR icon on your desktop.• Click the S

24 Starting SONARIf you don’t want to see the Quick Start dialog box in the future, uncheck the box at the bottom of the dialog box, and click Close.

25Starting SONARWhen Wave Profiler determines the kind of card you have, always accept the default settings. Setting up the MIDI In and MIDI Out devic

26 SONAR basics4. Check one device at a time in the Outputs window and click Move Selected Devices to Top to change its order. Then check all the devi

27SONAR basicsTracks are used to store the sound or music made by each instrument or voice in a project. For example, a song that is arranged for four

28 SONAR basicsOpening a fileUse the following procedure to open a file.To open a file in SONAR1. If you haven't already done so, start SONAR.2.

29SONAR basicsFigure 5. The Track viewA. The Track Pane B. The Clips Pane C. Clips D. Splitter bars E. Show/hide bus pane F. Track/Bus Inspector

Table of ContentsPreface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30 SONAR basicsThe current track’s controls are contained in the Track/Bus Inspector.The Clips pane shows the clips in your project on a horizontal ti

31SONAR basicsTrack/Bus InspectorThe Track/Bus Inspector makes it easy to adjust the current track’s (or bus’s) controls, because it’s a greatly expan

32 SONAR basicsYou can hide or show any of the Track/Bus Inspector’s controls, and use it to display the controls from any track or bus. The following

33SONAR basicsFigure 7. The Console viewA. Audio module B. MIDI module C. MIDI velocity D. Bus out E. Main out F. Show/hide strip controls butto

34 SONAR basicsFigure 8. The Piano Roll viewThe Staff view : displays the notes from one or more MIDI tracks using standard music notation, similar

35SONAR basicsThe Loop Construction view : allows you to create and edit Groove clips (SONAR loops that “know” the tempo and key in which they were r

36 SONAR basicsView How you use itMeter/Key To change the meter (time signature) or key signature, or to insert changes in the meter or key signature

37SONAR basicsZoom controlsMany of the views contain Zoom tools that let you change the horizontal and vertical scale of the view.Figure 13. Zoom con

38 SONAR basicsYou can also zoom with the keyboard:Docking viewsYou can dock any view other than the Console view in the lower-right corner of the Tra

39SONAR basicsLocking viewsBy default SONAR allows only one instance of each view, but you can lock the contents of most views, preserving the current

4 Working on a project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Windows taskbar indicators . . . . . . .

40 SONAR basicsThe X-Ray Windows feature works on the following windows:• AudioSnap palette• Synth Rack• Piano Roll view (when float-enabled)• Snap To

41SONAR basics3. To X-Ray or un-X-Ray a single window, move the mouse cursor over the window, and press the keyboard shortcut (default is SHIFT+X) for

42 SONAR basics8. At the end of the file, find the [EffectProps View] section.You will see entries such as the following:; Waves SSL EQ StereoXRayExcl

43SONAR basicsTo do this Do thisHide items in a menu Click a menu Item (CTRL-click to select multiple items) and press the Hide button.The hidden comm

44 SONAR basicsAltering your menus may affect your menus’ hotkeys, which allow you to navigate through the application’s menus without using a mouse.

45SONAR basicsTo customize a toolbar:1. Right-click the toolbar that you want to customize, and choose Customize from the pop-up menu to open the Cust

46 Windows taskbar indicatorsWorking on a projectMuch of your time in SONAR is spent recording and listening to your project as it develops. The Trans

47Screen colors and wallpaperIn this case, your sound card probably came with a separate program to control input and output levels. See your sound ca

48 Screen colors and wallpaperTo change the wallpaper1. Choose Options > Colors to display the Configure Colors dialog box.2. Choose the desired wa

49Screen colors and wallpaperFigure 15. The Configure Colors dialogA. Presets menu B. Import and Export buttonsTo load a color preset1. Open the Con

5Tutorial 6 – Editing your music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Selection. . . . . . .

50 Screen colors and wallpaperTo export the current color arrangement1. Open the Configure Colors dialog by using the Options > Colors command.2. A

51Installing SONARInstalling SONARSONAR is easy to install. All you need to do is choose the folder where the program and sample project files should

52 Starting to use SONARStarting to use SONARThis chapter has provided you with an overview of SONAR and basic information on how to install the softw

Tutorial 1 – Creating, playing, and saving projectsUnderstanding and managing project files is central to your work flow in SONAR. In this tutorial, w

54 Creating a new projectCreating a new projectThere are several ways to get started with a project in SONAR. When SONAR is opened, you will be greete

55Creating a new projectThe New Project File dialog appears. Whenever you create a new project, you will be presented with this dialog.Let’s explore s

56 Opening project filesOpening project filesNext we are going to talk about opening existing project files. There are two ways this can be done in SO

57Opening project filesThis will refresh the browsing pane to display all the files and folders in the Template Files directory. Double-click on the T

58 Playing project filesPlaying project filesFor this next section we are going to configure the project named SONAR_AudioDemo1.cwp for playback in SO

59Playing project filesIf you are having trouble with any of the steps in the last section thus far, we have created a helpful set-up guide on our web

6 New Impulse Responses for Perfect Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129Step Sequencer 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60 Playing project filesLocate the dropdown list for Output and click the small arrow to show all available outputs. Select the output that your speak

61Playing project filesPlaying the projectNow that all of the track’s outputs are set to the appropriate device, the next step is to play the project

62 Looping project filesLooping project filesSONAR features a really handy tool that allows you to repeat specified sections of a project file. You ma

63Saving project filesSaving project filesSONAR offers you many options for saving your work. To investigate these options, click on the File menu and

64 Saving project filesTake a look at the dropdown list labeled Save as type. Click the Save as type arrow to see a list of supported file formats. Le

Tutorial 2 – Using the Media BrowserNew to SONAR is the enhanced Media Browser view; designed to improve workflow and make working with audio loops an

66 First, let’s review the controls on the left side of the toolbar.The Content Location drop down box shown below allows you to quickly jump to popul

67The next three controls are used for software synths.Below the toolbar, the Media Browser is split into two or three panes. From left to right they

68 Finding and previewing audio loopsFinding and previewing audio loopsNow that we have a general idea of how the Media Browser is laid out, let’s fin

69Finding and previewing audio loops6. Click the Play button in the Media Browser toolbar.The selected file is previewed.If you don’t hear anything,

7I Can’t Open My Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Audio Distorts at Greater than 16 Bit

70 Finding and previewing audio loops4. Now that SONAR knows what synth to play MIDI groove clips through, select the groove clip named Bangin 10.mid

Tutorial 3 – Recording vocals and musical instrumentsOne of the most important aspects of creating music in SONAR is digital audio recording. This is

72 4. Select the physical jack that you're instrument is plugged in to. If you know, for instance, that your guitar is plugged into input 1, clic

73Recording your performanceNow that everything is set up, let's record something! 1. On the Options menu, select Project and then click the Metr

74 TroubleshootingIf you weren't able to record successfully by following this tutorial, please check the following:I only get one side of my gui

75The Windows Mixer looks like this: When you open the Windows Mixer it may be labeled Play Control or Recording Control. We want to see the recording

76

Tutorial 4 – Playing and recording software instrumentsSoftware instruments, which are also referred to as soft synths, are a major part of computer m

78 Adding an instrument track to your projectAdding instrument tracks to your project is easy and something you’ll find yourself doing often, so let’s

79Let's take a quick look at DropZone.One of the first things you'll typically need to do is choose a sound. In DropZone and most other Cake

8

80 Recording MIDIFirst, we'll try recording. This only works if you have a MIDI controller. If you do not have a MIDI controller, skip ahead to t

81The ruler at the top of this view represents musical measures and beats. The keyboard image on the left represents what notes are being played.Click

82 Click OK. You can now draw notes at shorter distances from each other.What if I already have a project that contains MIDI tracks?If you already hav

833. In the Open These Windows area, click Synth Property Page.4. Click OK.A new synth track is inserted in your project.On some computers, the tracks

84

Tutorial 5 – Working with music notationA great way to compose in SONAR is by using the Staff view. The Staff pane displays MIDI note events as musica

86 Next we need to configure the Staff View tools for the purpose of this tutorial:1. Change the Display Resolution to the smallest note value.2. Di

874. In the Clef list, select Treble/Bass, then click OK to close the Staff View Layout dialog.The Staff View now looks like this:Now that you know ho

88 Selecting notesTo select notes:1. Click the Select tool .2. Do one of the following:• To select a single note, click the note head.• To select mul

89The following table shows the relationship between note durations and ticks (with the default timebase of 960 ticks per quarter note).Deleting a not

PrefaceSONAR User’s Guide is designed to help you learn and use SONAR. This book explains how SONAR works and how to use it to create, edit, produce,

90 Adding lyricsTo add a lyric event below a note:1. Click the Draw tool .2. Enable the Lyric button .3. Position the pointer just below the note an

91Adding expressions1. Click the Draw tool .2. Enable the Expression button .3. Position the pointer just below a note and click.A box appears where

92 Adding pedal marks (sustain)1. Click the Draw tool .2. Enablen the Pedal button .3. Position the pointer below the staff and click.Pedal down a

Tutorial 6 – Editing your musicWhile working on your music, you are likely to find that editing is a major part of the song creation process. Before p

94 Method 1:1. Select the track that you want to delete measure two from.2. Drag in the time ruler from measure 2 through measure 3.The selected time

95Moving clipsFrom time to time, you may need to move clips around. If you understand selection, you're half way there already.1. Select the sect

96 Cropping ClipsYou can crop a clip by using a gesture called slip editing. Slip editing lets you “roll out” the beginning or the end of a clip to di

97Undo and RedoWhile editing a project, you might make mistakes or experiment with an idea that doesn't produce the desired results. SONAR has un

98

Tutorial 7 – Mixing and adding effectsMixing is an important part of recording that can really help the music you create in SONAR sound its best. Mixi